Subsidence rate monitoring of Aghajari oil field based on Differential SAR Interferometry

Land subsidence, due to natural or anthropogenic processes, causes significant costs in both economic and structural aspects. That part of subsidence observed most is the result of human activities, which relates to underground exploitation. Since the gradual surface deformation is a consequence of hydrocarbon reservoirs extraction, the process of displacement monitoring is amongst the petroleum industry priorities. Nowadays, Differential SAR Interferometry, in which satellite images are utilized for elevation change detection and analysis – in a millimetre scale, has proved to be a more real-time and cost-effective technology in contrast to the traditional surveying method. In this study, surface displacements in Aghajari oil field, i.e. one of the most industrious Iranian hydrocarbon sites, are being examined using radar observations. As in a number of interferograms, the production wells inspection reveals that surface deformation signals develop likely due to extraction in a period of several months. In other words, different subsidence or uplift rates and deformation styles occur locally depending on the geological conditions and excavation rates in place.     

气体自发光在高超声速流场显示中的应用

提出了利用高焓气体自发光作为高超声速流场显示的方法，介绍了在使用高焓运行的激波风洞中，对二维模型的高超声速绕流流场使用此种方法的初步结果，可观察到二维棱形柱的尾流和马赫波的相交。结果表明此种方法不需外加光源，对于结构限制无法设置透明部件的模型，无疑是简单可行的。     

位相物体的三维非对称温度场的重建

采用卷积背抽影公式实现了位相物体的三维非对称温度场的重建，为光线偏／折测量三维非对称温度场提供了高精度分析和处理实验数据的方法。     

GRACE gravity field modeling with an investigation on correlation between nuisance parameters and gravity field coefficients

The GRACE (Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment) monthly gravity models have been independently produced and published by several research institutions, such as Center for Space Research (CSR), GeoForschungsZentrum (GFZ), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales (CNES) and Delft Institute of Earth Observation and Space Systems (DEOS). According to their processing standards, above institutions use the traditional variational approach except that the DEOS exploits the acceleration approach. The background force models employed are rather similar. The produced gravity field models generally agree with one another in the spatial pattern. However, there are some discrepancies in the gravity signal amplitude between solutions produced by different institutions. In particular, 10%–30% signal amplitude differences in some river basins can be observed. In this paper, we implemented a variant of the traditional variational approach and computed two sets of monthly gravity field solutions using the data from January 2005 to December 2006. The input data are K-band range-rates (KBRR) and kinematic orbits of GRACE satellites. The main difference in the production of our two types of models is how to deal with nuisance parameters. This type of parameters is necessary to absorb low-frequency errors in the data, which are mainly the aliasing and instrument errors. One way is to remove the nuisance parameters before estimating the geopotential coefficients, called NPARB approach in the paper. The other way is to estimate the nuisance parameters and geopotential coefficients simultaneously, called NPESS approach. These two types of solutions mainly differ in geopotential coefficients from degree 2 to 5. This can be explained by the fact that the nuisance parameters and the gravity field coefficients are highly correlated, particularly at low degrees. We compare these solutions with the official and published ones by means of spectral analysis. It is found that our solutions are, in general, consistent with others in the spatial pattern. The water storage variations of the Amazon, Chari and Ganges river basins have also been computed. The variations computed with the NPARB approach are closer to those produced by JPL and DEOS solutions, while the variations produced with the NPESS approach are in good agreement with those produced by the CSR and GFZ solutions. A simulation study is implemented with considering realistic noise and low-frequency error. The two approaches are used to recover the true model. The NPESS solution appears closer to the true one. Therefore we are inclined to estimate the nuisance parameters simultaneously with the geopential coefficients.     

大扫描视场飞行器共形光学系统设计

共形光学窗口外表面与飞行器轮廓相同,可以显著提升飞行器的整体性能,但在大扫描视场应用时,引入大量非对称动态像差,严重影响成像质量。针对大扫描视场的共形光学系统,提出了基于共形窗口内表面优化,以及分视场单元透镜阵列的动态像差校正方法,实现动态像差的静态化校正。在84°扫描视场范围内,对共形光学系统进行仿真验证,结果表明：该方法使共形光学系统在全扫描视场范围内的Zernike多项式系数绝对值从0~10.82λ减小到0~1λ（λ为波长）,同时各通道单元透镜阵列保持固定状态。与目前已有方法相比,本文显著提升了大扫描视场共形光学系统的成像质量和系统稳定性,有效简化了系统结构。本文的研究对实现大扫描视场、高成像质量和高稳定性的共形光学系统有重要意义。     

风洞T型冲击三通管道流场特性数值模拟

在24 m跨声速风洞进气管路T型冲击三通连接处和隔板位置,每隔一定时间会出现裂纹,影响了风洞的安全稳定运行。为了解裂纹出现的原因,同时为改进设计提供依据,采用CFD(computational fluid dynamics)对风洞现有三通和优化方案进行了对比。控制方程为三维黏性不可压缩Navier-Stokes方程。结果表明：无隔板时,三通内的流动为最常见的类型,支管内存在3个分离区,在转向过程中形成第1分离区,即马蹄涡;随后是第2分离区,一对反向旋转的旋涡,即Dean涡,及三通顶部壁面形成第3分离区。流场沿y=0 mm和z=0 mm平面基本呈对称分布。有隔板时,流场的左右和上下结构均不对称;在隔板和外侧壁面间的角点形成范围较小的驻涡,在支管内形成不稳定的螺旋状分离涡,致使气流振荡,从而使得三通连接和隔板处管壁出现裂纹。根据上述流态设计了管路优化方案和整流装置,优化后能有效减小或消除分离;其中去掉隔板最简单易行,可以解决裂纹的问题。     

导风轮叶片偏置对高压比串列离心压气机性能的影响

为提升高压比串列离心压气机的性能,借鉴常规一体化离心叶轮中偏置分流叶片的方法,针对某高压比串列离心压气机,应用数值仿真手段分析了串列叶轮中导风轮叶片周向偏置对压气机流场和性能的影响。通过对不同导风轮叶片偏置方案下压气机流场的分析,建立了压气机流动损失与偏置参数的关联性。研究表明:采用较大的偏置参数γ可降低导风轮叶片1前缘的激波强度,改善激波作用导致的泄漏涡破碎和流动分离,但过大或过小的γ方案中导风轮叶顶会出现二次泄漏致使低能流体的掺混损失增加;γ=65%方案压气机综合性能最佳,其压比和效率较γ=50%分别提高了1.5%和1.4%;对于串列离心压气机导风轮叶片周向位置的优化,在避免导风轮叶顶形成较强二次泄漏的前提下,应考虑采用较大的偏置参数γ,同时应防止诱导轮尾迹流体参与导风轮的叶顶泄漏。     

隔舱式双脉冲发动机第Ⅱ脉冲点火过程数值仿真

基于计算流体力学和相关点火理论,对双脉冲发动机第Ⅱ脉冲点火瞬态过程的流场进行了数值分析,并进行了发动机第Ⅱ脉冲点火试车试验。结果表明：在隔板打开前,第Ⅱ脉冲燃烧室高压区的位置由燃烧室前端向隔板移动,压强沿燃烧室径向变化较小,沿轴向变化较大,燃烧室头部和尾部近壁面区域一直处于低温;6 ms时隔板打开,第Ⅱ脉冲燃烧室压强下降05 MPa,药柱内孔前后端压强差波动剧烈,药柱内孔前端温度场下降600 K,而其他区域温度变化较小。隔板打开后,沿隔板下游第Ⅰ脉冲燃烧室轴线形成带状高温区,第Ⅰ脉冲燃烧室头部和尾部依次出现压强峰值,第Ⅰ脉冲燃烧室压强在18 ms时达到稳定,而温度在25 ms时达到稳定。试验测得的第Ⅰ、Ⅱ脉冲燃烧室压强-时间曲线和仿真结果吻合较好,表明该仿真方法具有一定的准确性。     

基于PIV技术的单圆孔脉冲射流流场特征

对稳态射流及脉冲射流冲击靶板时的流场特性结构进行了探索和分析。采用高频粒子图像测速技术,在射流管口到冲击靶板间距为6倍管径的条件下,对稳态射流进口雷诺数为6 000的稳态射流及脉冲频率为20 Hz的脉冲射流进行了实验测量,得到了射流核心区、壁面射流区及滞止区内的速度分布。研究发现:①由于射流剪切作用的影响,脉冲射流核心区的最大轴向脉动速度为稳态射流的3倍。②滞止区内,由于射流的剪切作用和壁面的滞止作用,导致了脉冲射流轴向速度梯度最大为稳态射流的2倍,同时,滞止区内的最大脉动速度是稳态射流脉动速度的3倍。③脉冲射流对壁面的卷吸以及旋涡的产生和传播过程,破坏了壁面射流区稳定的速度边界层。相比稳态射流,脉冲射流的流场增加了湍流相干结构的含能并产生周期性的大尺度卷吸涡。     

热压罐成型过程中框架式模具温度场模拟与分析

为了研究复合材料构件成型模具温度场,本文以某型飞机壁板的热压罐固化工艺为例,通过模型简化,利用FLUENT等仿真软件建立模具温度场的数值模拟模型,并将模拟数据与实验数据进行对比。结果表明二者平均相对误差为7. 4%。此外通过仿真模拟一组以支撑板厚度为变量的实例,两组以U、V两个方向的支撑板厚度为变量的对照组,通过判断模具型板表面温度方差大小,研究了支撑板厚度对模具温度场分布的影响规律。结果表明,模具温度场的均匀性随着支撑板厚度的增加而逐渐降低,其中U向支撑板厚度的变化对温度场均匀性的影响比V向大。